Final Research Proposal Instructions
PSYC 2360 – F24 Research Proposal
Final Research Proposal (Instructions)
Page maximum: 10 pages exactly including title page)
(On page no- 9 and 10 it should has references and page should be double spaced)
Use – Times New Roman font and size should be 12 font size.)
Give proper heading and follow Apa-7 style of owl prude research paper.
(use only peer review empirical sources -articles, journals latest from 2020- 2023 . )
Topic Name – The Impact of social media on young people psychological health and well-being.
Academic writing style – (formal, objective, cautious, precise)
Whole Proposal should be in Academic Style – formal, objective, cautious, precise)
TOTAL 15 SOURCES SHOULD BE USED NOT LESS THAN THAT.
Element
Description
Out of
Total Marks
Title Page
Title page includes name & student number, university, course name & instructor name
/1
/3
Title is informative (refers to main variables)
/1.5
APA formatting for title page (i.e., spacing, page numbers)
/0.5
PART -1
Introduction
(should come on 2 pages exactly)
Identifies & introduces the general issue or topic area
(Should be Clear and detailed)
/2
(deduct 1 mark for each missing study – 3 required)
Defines important terms or theories (definitions are from the literature, not from a dictionary.)
Do not use dictionary or website define term use academic references)
Theories should be from Literature Review.
/2
The articles in the literature review are presented clearly, accurately, and concisely
/3
*Past tense
Presented studies are relevant to supporting the overarching research question, hypothesis, and variables.
Research Question – clear, specific to population of interest)
Hypothesis- (Should be explained in detail) (Should be explained in detail and Hypothesis should be specific to the test you are running.)
As there are two DVs you need to make this clear in your Research question and hypothesis.
(Address each of the variable and keep variable name consistent)
/3
/15
Efforts are made to highlight how the present study will add to the existing literature, (i.e., identifies limitations of other studies and what their study will do to address them)
/1
Clearly presents the current study: research question- – clear, specific to population of interest)
Hypotheses- – (Should be explained in detail and Hypothesis should be specific to the test you are running.)
As there are two DVs you need to make this clear in your Research question and hypothesis.
Variable of Interest – (Be consistent with your terms- (Address each of the variable and keep variable name consistent)
and Operationalized Variables-(Variables are grounded in the specific ways in which they will be measured)
/4
Hypothesis: The young adults high on use of Social media handle would be high on depression.
Variables:
The focus of this research is on the impact of social media on health of young people. In research, the study will analyse the impact of social media (IV) on the psychological health (DV) of the young people.
Research question:
“What is the impact of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube on the psychological health and well-being of young adults, particularly with symptoms of depression? ”
Variable of Interest:
Independent Variable (IV): Social Media Usage
Specifically, the use of platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube.
Dependent Variable (DV): Psychological Health and Well-being
Specifically, this will be measured through levels of depression, assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Operational definition:
Social media usage (IV) could be operationally defined as “the amount of time spent on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube per day, measured in hours, as reported by participants through a self-reported survey or app-based tracking over a week.”
Psychological health (DV) could be operationally defined as “the level of depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, which ranges from 0 to 63, where higher scores indicate greater levels of depression.”
PART -2
Method (whole should be written in past tense as you have) ( It should should come on 4 pages exactly.)
Give section heading as METHODS IN BOLD IN CENTRE IT SHOULD BE)
*Past tense
Participants – Recruitment procedure, sample demographics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, incentives for participation.
(Very clear and succinct)
* Report your participants as if you have conducted the study.
/4
/17
Materials (Very clear)
/4
-Measures: operationalized definition of variable, reliability and
validity information, example items, scoring (high and low meaning).
-Treatments: Administered by who, duration, components
-Stimuli, software, equipment: Describe content, name of provider, conditions etc.
-(Very clear)
Design – research design (i.e., within-subjects experiments, qualitative), defines variables, describes control vs. experimental group and assignment (if relevant).
/2
Procedure – Stepwise summary of what is needed to run the study from both the perspective of the researcher and participant, (i.e., instructions given to participants, phases of a session or trial, concluding remarks to participants).
/4
Ethics – addresses important ethical considerations for the study (consent, debriefing, deception, risk/safety)
Addresses important ethical considerations for the study (consent, debriefing,
deception, etc.) Step-wise summary of what is needed to run the study from both the perspective of
the researcher and participant, (i.e., instructions given to participants, phases of a session or
trial, concluding remarks to participants).
/1
All variables that need to be measured are presented and all hypotheses could be addressed with the methodology
Method
Aim: The aim of this research is to study the impact of social media on psychological health of young people.
Participants : The participants of the study will include young people from 18 to 24 years of age. The sample is 35 young people (N=35). The two tests will be given to the participants and the results will further assist to the research study and provide suggestions for the future research.
The sample of the present investigation comprises of 35 young people (N=35). The age of the participants range from 18 to 24 years. The data was collected through convenient sampling.
Material:( i will be using the Beck Depression Inventory test (BDI-II) andRYFF’S Psychological well- being scale )
1.Beck Depression Inventory test (BDI-II) was first introduced in 1961 and had been created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck. The test which I will be using is the revised version of 1988. It is a test which consists of 21 question multiple choice self- report inventory, one of the widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. The rage of validity was satisfactorily high (alpha >84). Whereas the range of reliability is recorded more than 0.75.
2.RYFF’S Psychological well- being scale is a structured, self- report instruments of psychological well- being. It was a test which was developed by Ryff 1989 and Keyes 1995. The test which I will be using the 18 -item version. It consists of 42 items and measure the six aspects of well -being and happiness autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life and self- acceptance. The validity range vary from 0.87 to 0.97. However, the reliability varies
from 0.78 to .97.
The people who were high on the use of social media were using different types of and the people were screened out as the primary data for research. Further, Beck- Depression Inventory Test was administered on them. In addition, those who were high on BDI were only kept for research and then the next test was administered on them and the rest were screened out from the primary data.
Procedure: write accordingly.the data will will get in field physically at univeristy f guelph as well as via google form )
In research, two measures were used which evaluate the impact of social media on young people psychological health and well -being by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI – II) and RYFF’S psychological well- being scale. Testing was performed by keeping in mind the proper psychological conditions. The participants were then given the instructions about the study in detail and were asked for their consent in physical mode on campus at university of guelph . Later, they also approved to be a part of the study in the Google Forms. After the responses were collected, then the scores were analysed using the (SPSS) and the correlation method between the variables were examined and accordingly, the conclusions of the study are made.
EXAMPLE OF OTHER TOPIC THIS IS JUST AN EXAMPLE OF OTHER TOPIC FOR SEEING PLEASE DONOT COPY IT . JUST TAKE AN IDEA HOW TO WRITE PARTICIPANT, MATERIAL, AND PROCEDURE SECTION.
Method
Participants
The sample consisted of 68 students between the ages of 18 and 26 (M = 21.33, SD =
2.17) from a university in Toronto. The sample included 38 females, 29 males, and one
individual who did not specify a gender. The participants identified as Caucasian (42.5%),
Asian-Canadian (21.8%), Middle-Eastern (18.4%), African-Canadian (10.3%), Hispanic (2.3%),
5
Multiracial (2.3%), or Other (2.3%). We recruited participants by sending an e-mail invitation to
everyone who had purchased a ticket to an on-campus concert. This was done one month in
advance of the event. Interested individuals were asked to respond to the e-mail, stating that they
would like to volunteer. Potential participants were excluded from the study if they were not
university students, if they did not own and use a Smartphone to take photos and/or videos at
least several times per month, or if they had a visual impairment that would prevent them from
being able to take photos and videos. Participants received a $10 gift card towards an on-campus
coffee shop as incentive for taking part in the study.
Materials
This study used a demographic and eligibility questionnaire, a post-concert survey
assessing participants’ levels of engagement and enjoyment, and a manipulation check.
The demographic and eligibility questionnaire included multiple-choice questions asking
participants for their gender, age, and ethnicity. It also asked participants about their Smartphone
use and visual abilities to determine whether they met eligibility criteria. For instance, one
question on Smartphone use asked, “How often do you take photos on your Smartphone? Every
day, several times per week, several times per month, less than once a month, or never?”. Several
questions pertaining to participants’ use of other forms of technology, music preferences, and
previous concert experiences were included as well, serving as distractor items. Responses to
these questions were not used in determining participant eligibility or in data analysis.
The post-concert survey consisted of nine multiple-choice questions assessing
participants’ levels of engagement with and enjoyment of the concert. Questions assessing level
of enjoyment were taken from the interest/enjoyment subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation
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Inventory (IMI) (SDT, n.d.). This scale was developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan of the
University of Rochester as part of their research on Self-Determination Theory (Ryan, Mims, &
Koestner, 1983). The interest/enjoyment subscale measures intrinsic motivation for partaking in
an activity, which stems from pleasure derived from it (SDT, n.d.). It is comprised of seven
statements, and participants indicate how true each statement is for them on a Likert scale from 1
(not true at all) to 7 (very true). The wording of survey items in the present study was modified
to fit the context of a concert. One sample item is: “I thought this concert was quite enjoyable”.
Studies using the IMI have demonstrated its validity (McAuley, Duncan, & Tammen, 1989) and
its reliability (Tsigilis & Theodosiou, 2003). Two questions assessing level of engagement were
taken from the reliable and valid survey used by Diehl, Zauberman, and Barasch, who examined
engagement with a bus tour (2016). These items use a 7-point Likert scale, identical to that of
the questions measuring enjoyment. One such question, modified to fit the present context, is: “I
felt immersed in the concert experience.” For all survey items, scores less than four indicate low
levels of enjoyment or engagement respectively, while scores greater than four indicate high
levels. The post-concert survey also included distractor items measuring participants’ attitudes
towards the concert venue, its food and service, and merchandise on a 7-point Likert scale. These
items were not used in data analysis, but rather served to minimize hypothesis-guessing.
A manipulation check was also incorporated into the survey to verify that participants
behaved according to the rules of their assigned condition. Participants were asked to check off a
box if they did take photos and/or videos during the concert. Participants who were asked to take
photos and/or videos but did not were excluded from the study, as were participants who were
asked not to take photos or videos but did.
Design
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This study used a two-group, between-subjects design. The independent variable was
ability to take photos, and participants were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions.
Participants in the multimedia condition were asked to take photos and/or videos while
participants in the no-multimedia condition were not allowed to take photos and/or videos. The
dependent variables were level of enjoyment and level of engagement, measured using Likert
scales.
Procedure
Everyone who bought a ticket to the concert received an e-mail one month in advance of
the concert, inviting them to participate in the present study. Potential participants were told that
the study would be looking at the concert experience but were not be told of its true purpose.
Potential participants who expressed interest were e-mailed the demographic and eligibility
questionnaire and the informed consent form. This form outlined the basic requirements of the
study and explained potential benefits and risks, that participants’ information would remain
confidential, that they could drop out of the study at any time, and that they could contact the
researcher with questions or concerns. Participants completed the demographic and eligibility
questionnaire and informed consent form electronically. Eligible participants were then
randomly assigned to one of the two conditions using a random number generator. They were
contacted by e-mail two weeks before the concert with instructions pertaining to their condition.
Participants in the multimedia condition were told that everyone in the study was encouraged to
take photos and videos during the concert, while participants in the no-multimedia condition
were told that everyone in the study was to refrain from taking photos and videos during the
concert. Participants were also told to meet after the concert at one of two backstage rooms,
according to their condition, to complete the survey. After the concert, participants met in their
8
assigned rooms and completed the survey to assess their levels of enjoyment and engagement. At
the end of the survey, participants completed the manipulation check. Finally, participants were
debriefed on the study’s purpose and hypotheses.
/2
Results should come exactly in 2 pages.
Restate the research question and/or goal of the study
/1
/10
* Treat this section as if you have conducted the study and found results.
Results follow from the hypothesis and reference all relevant variables from the research question.
/1
Data Analysis – Accurately describes the data analytic approach needed to assess the research question and test the hypothesis
/2
*past tense
Data analysis method selected is appropriate for study design/ hypothesis
/1
Describes the results of the statistical tests using actual numbers that fit with the test; or, the results of qualitative analyses using specific language that fits with the analytic approach
/2
Numerical results make sense (i.e., strong positive correlation means r = .89, etc.); qualitative themes/meanings make sense
/1
Provides a very basic statement of the results that includes reference to key variables and hypothesis
/2
-e.g., a strong positive correlation between variable X and Y
which supports…
-e.g., significant difference between variable X and Y with individuals in group X having a higher mean, which supports…
-e.g., child descriptions of relationships emphasized physical security, while adult relationships emphasized emotional
intimacy, which supports the theory of…Also write effect size .
References
PAGE NO 9 AND PAGE10
In-text citations are correct & used appropriately
/1
/6
Students cite the original source of important theories or materials, not where they read about them
/1
Academic sources are cited (i.e., not Wikipedia) and if news articles are cited they are done so appropriately
/1
Deduct 0.25/ each type of minor error: formatting, capitalization, italics, punctuation
/3
Deduct 0.5/ each type of major error: missing volume/issue/page, incorrect book citations, etc.
APA Format
Correct order of paper: Title page, intro, method, results, references (1).
/2
/4
Title page and references are on a new page (1)
Heading & subheadings are formatted properly
/1
1-inch margins, 12-point font, TIMES NEW ROMAN font
/1
Style
Academic writing style (i.e., formal, objective, cautious, precise).
** Deduct 0.5 if “prove” or “disprove” terminology is used or eluded to**
/1
/5
Content – clear and logical presentation of ideas – there are no
“where did that come from” moments
/2
Language – avoids clutter, sentences are complete (i.e., reads easily)
/1
Spelling, tense, sentence structure
/1
Total:
/60
EXAMPLE
Results
The manipulation check indicated that participants did follow the rules pertaining to their
conditions, thus all participants’ data were included.
To determine whether participants who did not take photos or videos experienced higher
levels of engagement and enjoyment during the concert than those who did, two independent
samples t-tests were conducted. This test was used because it determines whether there is a
significant difference between measures of a continuous dependent variable when there are two
levels of the independent variable. The first t-test compared levels of engagement across the two
conditions (multimedia versus no-multimedia), and the second test compared levels of
enjoyment. Consistent with the hypothesis, participants were more engaged with the concert if
they were in the no-multimedia condition (M = 6.6, SD = 1.0) than in the multimedia condition
(M = 5.9, SD = 1.4). This finding was statistically significant with a medium effect size, t(66) =
2.37, p = .02 (one-tailed), d = .57. Additionally, participants enjoyed the concert more if they
were in the no-multimedia condition (M = 6.6, SD = 1.1) than in the multimedia condition (M =
6.0, SD = 1.3). This finding was statistically significant with a moderate effect size, t(66) = 2.05,
p = .04 (one-tailed), d = .50. Participants in the multimedia condition had significantly higher
means on measures of both engagement and enjoyment than those in the no-multimedia
condition. These findings support the hypothesis that participants who did not take photos or
videos were more engaged with the concert and enjoyed it more than participants who were free
to take photos and videos.
I have attached gthe photo of test which i will be using you have us this test only Beck Depression Inventory-II TEST and Ryffs Psychological Well-Being Test.
follow each and every guidelines and you have to answer to this i am proving the grading rubrics everythong write in own words donot use AI AND CHATGPT AS MAM HAS THE SOFTWARE TO DETECT.EACH AND EVERY LINE and each and every single word.
AND I HAVE ALSO ATTACHED THE EXAMPLE . AND GRADING RUBRICC PHOT AND I AVE ALSO MENTIONED IN GRADING RUBRIC. IN INSTRUCTIONS.PROVIDERD ABOVE.PLEASE DONOT CHANGE HYPOTHESIS
AS I HAVER PROVIDED, THE HYPOTHESIS, RESEARCH QUESTION VARIBALES OF INTREST, OPERATONAL DEFINATION . write operational defination in own words and method section- has to be in past tense whole method section has to be in past tense.see example how it is written .
and use plan as it is correct and see what is feedback given from mam
method is correlation
The score of the responses were then calculated and were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
As the research was focused on social media and psychological health. The correlational analysis between the variables was examined and accordingly, the conclusions of the study are made.
Initially, through the questioning method, the use of social media was confirmed and tested. Further, those who were high on BDI were only kept for research and the next test was conducted on them. Whereas, the rest were screened out from the primary data.